ফ্রাকশন নাম্বার বলতে আমরা কি বুঝি ?

ফ্রাকশন  নাম্বার বলতে আমরা কি বুঝি ?

আমরা যদি ছবি টি দেখি আমরা এক নম্বার ছবি থেকে বুঝতে পাই যে এখানে মনে কর একটা পিজা  এর চার ভাগের  এক খেয়ে ফেলস তা হলে কত অবশিথ থাকবে ?আমরা  দেখতেসি যে ১/৪ ভাগ থাকবে যা একটি ফ্রাকশন নাম্বার। এ ভাবে যদি আমরা দুই  নম্বর দেখি যে এখানে চার রং এর ফল আছে আমি যদি বলি নীল রং আর ফল আসে কতটি তা হলে উত্তর হবে ২/৪ টি কারণ এখানে মোট ফল আছে ৪টি এবং নীল রং এর ফল আসে ২টি। এবং ৩নং দেখলে দেখা যায় এখানে একটি পেন্টাগন এর ৫ভাগে ভাগ করে ২ভাগ বাদ দিলে থাকে কত ভাগ আমরা জানি যে মোট ভাগ ৫এবং বাদ দিয়েছি ২ভাগ সুতরাং বাকি থাকে ৩/৫ ভাগ।
এ  ভাবে ফ্রাকশন নাম্বার বের করা হয়ে থাকে। কারণ এগুলো প্রতিটি একটি করে ফ্রাকশন নাম্বার।  

How to install eclipse adt-bundle(App development)

Eclipse adt-bundle is very simply usable for android apps development I given the link blew:

For windows 64 bit:
Windows 64 bit
For Windows 32 bit:
Windows 32 bit

You can download adt-bundle very easily by click the link.

When complete the download zip file now you need to extract the file and when you open the file you see like this:

Now click the eclipse folder and see like this:

Now click the eclipse.exe file that's I highlight and wait for run and see the next window

Now click the file option and make new android application project and develop your own Application.

In the next post I show that how to open and configure the eclipse adt-bundle.
If you face any problem please comment your problem I will try to solve your problem.

Python Programming : String

Beginning to Use Python — Strings
 
At this point, you should feel free to experiment with using the shell ’ s basic behavior. Type some text, in
quotes; for starters, you could type the following:
> > > “This text really won’t do anything”
“This text really won’t do anything”
You should notice one thing immediately: After you entered a quote ( " ), the Python shell changed the
color of everything up to the quote that completed the sentence. Of course, the preceding text is
absolutely true. It did nothing: It didn ’ t change your Python environment; it was merely evaluated by
the running Python instance, in case it did determine that in fact you ’ d told it to do something. In this
case, you ’ ve asked it only to read the text you wrote, but doing this doesn ’ t constitute a change to
the environment.
However, you can see that Python indicated that it saw what you entered. It showed you the text you
entered, and it displayed it in the manner it will always display a string — in quotes. As you learn about
other data types , you ’ ll find that Python has a way of displaying each one differently.

What is a String?
 
A string is one of several data types that exist within the Python language. A data type, as the name
implies, is a category that a particular type of data fits into. Every type of data you enter into a computer
is segregated into one of these data types, whether they be numbers or letters, as is the case in this
scenario. Giving data a type allows the computer to determine how to handle the data. For instance, if
you want the program to show the mathematical equation 1+1 on a screen, you have to tell it that it is
text. Otherwise, the program will interpret the data as a mathematical equation and evaluate it
accordingly.
You ’ ll get more into the different data types and how important it is to define them in a later chapter. For
now however, know that a string is a data type that consists of any character, be it a letter, number,
symbol, or punctuation mark. Therefore, the following are all examples of strings:
“ Hello, how are you? ”
“ 1+1 ”
“ I ate 4 bananas ”
“ !@#$%^ & *() ”

Why the Quotes?
 
When you type a string into Python, you do so by preceding it with quotes. Whether these quotes are
single ( ' ), double( '' ), or triple( " " " ) depends on what you are trying to accomplish. For the most part, you
will use single quotes, because it requires less effort (you do not need to hold down the Shift key to
create them). Note, however, that they are interchangeable with the double and even triple quotes.
Try typing in some strings. After you type in each sentence, press the Enter key to allow Python to
evaluate your statement.

Entering Strings with Different Quotes
 
Enter the following strings, keeping in mind the type of quotes (single or double) and the ends of lines
(use the Enter key when you see that the end of a line has been reached):
> > > “This is a string using a double quote”
‘This a string using a double quote’
> > > ‘This is a string with a single quote’
‘This is a string with a single quote’
> > > “””This string has three quotes
look at what it can do!”””
‘This string has three quotes\nlook at what it can do!’
> > >
In the preceding examples, although the sentences may look different to the human eye, the computer
is interpreting them all the same way: that is, as a string. There is a true purpose to having three
different quoting methods, which is described next.

Python Programming

The First Steps
 
The absolute first step you need to take before you can begin programming in Python is to download
and install Python version 3.1. Navigate to www.python.org/download and choose the newest version
of Python. You will be taken to a page with instructions on how to download the appropriate version for
your computer. For instance, if you are running Windows, it may say Windows x86 MSI Installer (3.0).
Programs are written in a form called source code . Source code contains the instructions
that the language follows, and when the source code is read and processed, the
instructions that you ’ ve put in there become the actions that the computer takes.
Just as authors and editors have specialized tools for writing for magazines, books, or online
publications, programmers also need specialized tools. As a starting Python programmer, the right tool
for the job is the Python IDLE GUI (graphical user interface).
Once the download is finished, double - click it to run the program. Your best bet is to accept the default
prompts Python offers you. This process may take a few minutes, depending on your system.
After setup is complete, you will want to test to make sure it is installed properly. Click the Windows
Start menu and go to All Programs. You will see Python 3.0 in the menu. Choose IDLE (Python GUI) and
wait for the program to load.


Part I: Dipping Your Toe into Python
 
Once IDLE launches, type in “ Test, test, testing ” and press the Enter key. If Python is running correctly, it
should return the value
‘Test, test, testing’
in blue letters and with single quotes (I ’ ll get more into this soon). Congratulations — you have
successfully installed Python and are well on your way to becoming a programming guru.


Installing Python 3.1 on Non - Windows Systems
 
If you are the proud owner of a Mac and are running Mac OS X, you are in luck; it comes with Python
installed. Unfortunately, it may not be the most up - to - date version. For security and compatibility
purposes, I would suggest logging on to www.python.org/download/mac . Check to see that your Mac
OS X version is the right version for the Python you are installing.
If you have a Linux computer, you may also already have Python installed, but again, it may be an
earlier version. I would once more suggest you go to the Python website to find the latest version (and of
course, the one appropriate to your system). The website www.python.org/download should have
instructions on how to download the right version for your computer.


Using the Python Shell
 
Before starting to write programs, you ’ ll need to learn how to experiment with the Python shell. For
now, you can think of the Python shell as a way to peer within running Python code. It places you inside
of a running instance of Python, into which you can feed programming code; at the same time, Python
will do what you have asked it to do and will show you a little bit about how it responds to its
environment. Because running programs often have a context — things that you as the programmer have
tailored to your needs — it is an advantage to have the shell because it lets you experiment with the
context you have created.
Now that you have installed Python version 3.1, you can begin to experiment with the shell ’ s basic
behavior. For starters, type in some text:
> > > ”Hello World. You will never see this.”
Note that typing the previous sentence into the shell didn ’ t actually do anything; nothing was changed
in the Python environment. Instead, the sentence was evaluated by Python, to determine what, if
anything, you wanted Python to do. In this case, you merely wanted it to read the text.
Although Python didn ’ t technically do anything with your words, it did give some indication that it read
them. Python indicated this by displaying the text you entered (known as a string ) in quotes. A string is a
data type, and each data type is displayed differently by Python. As you progress through this book, you
will see the different ways Python displays each one.

জাভা কন্ট্রোল ফ্লও

আজকে আমরা জাভা এর বিভিন্ন ধরনের কন্ট্রোল STATEMENT নিয়ে আলচনা করব যেমন  ঃ
1. if
2. if else
3. while
4. do while
5. switch case




১। IF - ELSE

প্রথমে if নিয়ে আলচনা করব । if অর্থ আমরা সকলে জানি এর অর্থ হচ্ছে ' যদি ' । প্রগ্রামে বলা হয় যদি এটা হয় তবে এটা কর আর যদি না হয় তবে এটা কর অর্থাৎ যদি বলা হয় তিন গ্রেটার দেন চার তা হলে তুমি বল "it is ok" আর যদি না হয় তা হলে বল "it is wrong" তা হলে আমরা সকলে বুঝতে পারতেছি যে যদি কনড়িশন সত্য হয় তা হলে if statement execute করবে নিচে কোড দিয়ে দেখানো হল ঃ

আউটপুট ঃ

 নিচের প্রোগ্রামটি আপনারা নিজে করে আউটপুট আনবেন ও নিচে কমেন্ট করবেন ।

এভাবে আমরা অনেক if-else statement use করতে পারি । যদি বুজতে কোন   problem হয় তাহলে কমেন্ট করবেন আমি answer দিতে চেট্টা করব।



While & Do-While:
       While অর্থ  যতোক্ষণ পযন্ত আর  Do অর্থ কর অরথত এটি কর জতখন condition true থাকে তবে এদের মধ্যে condition true আর false হক do-while এ statement একবার হলেও execute হবে আসুন আমরা নিচে উদাহরন লক্ষ্য করি এবং নিজে করি

while অউটপুটঃ 

do-while program:

do-while output:

 

 Switch-case:

switch  অর্থ কি আমরা সকলে জানি তবে এখানে একটি নিদিটি কোন ডাটা কে চাবি ধরে কোন statement execute করা হয় । এটি অনেক ধরনের হতে পারে যেমন আমার কাছে যে রুম এর চবি আছে আমি শুধু অই রুম অন করতে পারব এটিই হল সুইচ এর বাসিক concept. আসুন আমরা উদাহরন দেখি

public class First {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        int month = 8;
        String monthString;
        switch (month) {
            case 1:  monthString = "January";
                     break;
            case 2:  monthString = "February";
                     break;
            case 3:  monthString = "March";
                     break;
            case 4:  monthString = "April";
                     break;
            case 5:  monthString = "May";
                     break;
            case 6:  monthString = "June";
                     break;
            case 7:  monthString = "July";
                     break;
            case 8:  monthString = "August";
                     break;
            case 9:  monthString = "September";
                     break;
            case 10: monthString = "October";
                     break;
            case 11: monthString = "November";
                     break;
            case 12: monthString = "December";
                     break;
            default: monthString = "Invalid month";
                     break;
        }
        System.out.println(monthString);
    }
}

Output :    August

আমরা এসব উদাহরন দেখে নিজে try করব । যদি কোন problem হয় তবে কমেন্ট করে জানাবেন আমি সলভ করে দেয়ার চেস্টা করব ।




 

জাভা প্রথম প্রোগ্রাম

আমরা জানি যে জাভা একটি হাই লেভেল ল্যাঙ্গুয়েজ । আজ আমরা কিভাবে জাভা প্রোগ্রাম লিখতে হয় তা দেখব। প্রথমে আমরা TEXT FILE ওপেন করে নিচের কোডটি লিখে ফেলি

 এর পরে এটি  First.java নামে desktop এ save করি।
এখন  start menu এ ক্লিক করে command prompt on করি এবং নিচের মত লিখি

এর পরে directory add করতে cd Desktop এর পরে Compile করতে javac First.java এবং run করতে java First লিখতে হবে তাহলে প্রোগ্রাম Output দিবে। নিচে তা দেখানো হলঃ

এভাবে আমরা একটি প্রোগ্রামকে কম্পাইল ও রান করতে পারি তবে আমাদেরকে প্রথমে java environment set করতে হবে আর যাদের সেট করা আছে তারা এভাবে যে কোন জাভা প্রোগ্রাম রান করতে পারবে।

কোন problem হলে নিচে কমেন্ট করবেন আমি সলভ করে দেয়ার চেষ্টা করব।